CORRESP: A correspondence can be sent as a document with another submission type or can be sent as a separate submission.
Published on September 12, 2008
September 12,
2008
VIA U.S. MAIL, EDGAR AND
FACSIMILE
Securities
and Exchange Commission
100 F
Street, N.E.
Mail Stop
4561
Washington,
D.C. 20549
Attn: Daniel
L. Gordon
Re: Omega
Healthcare Investors, Inc.
Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2007
Filed February 15, 2008
File
No. 001-11316
Ladies
and Gentlemen:
On behalf
of Omega Healthcare Investors, Inc. (“Omega” or the “Company”), I am writing
this letter in response to a telephone conference call that was held on June 26,
2008 between members of management of Omega and representatives of the
Securities and Exchange Commission (“the SEC Staff”) with respect to the SEC
Staff’s review of the above-referenced Form 10-K (the “Form 10-K”).
In the
conversation held on June 26, 2008, the SEC Staff requested that we provide a
written analysis of Omega’s accounting treatment of the restructuring
transaction that Omega entered into with Advocat, Inc. in October 2006 (referred
to hereinafter as the “Advocat Restructuring”). In particular, the
SEC Staff asked us to explain why we accounted for the separate components of
the Advocat Transaction at fair value on a bifurcated basis, rather than
combining the components based on the primary objective and motivation of the
transaction. The SEC staff also asked us to explain our determination of the
amount of lease inducement recognized.
We
appreciate the opportunity to share our analysis with the SEC Staff, and have
attached our detailed analysis including citations to the applicable guidance as
Attachment A. Part I provides background on our transactions with
Advocat, Part II sets forth the issues addressed, Part III reviews the
authoritative accounting guidance, Part IV reviews our accounting treatment
applying the authoritative guidance, and Part V responds to the SEC’s specific
comments to us.
In
essence, Omega and Advocat entered into a new lease agreement and exchanged
financial instruments. There was a difference in the fair value of
the financial instruments that we exchanged with Advocat; the financial
instruments that we exchanged had a greater fair value than what we received
from Advocat. We believe that this difference in fair value is
consideration that was paid to our lessee to modify the lease
agreement. This conclusion is consistent with an alternate scenario
whereby the parties exchanged cash (instead of financial instruments) in
conjunction with a modification to the lease.
As more fully described in attached analysis, we have accounted for each element
of the Advocat Restructuring based on the explicit accounting literature that
governs the elements of this transaction. Our application of the
accounting literature to the Advocat Restructuring has resulted in the
recognition of a lease inducement based on the fair value of the consideration
transferred to the lessee, which is being amortized as a reduction to Omega’s
lease revenue over the term of the Advocat lease. While it might be
easier to combine the elements of a transaction and account for them as a single
unit based on the primary objective or motivation without regard to fair value
considerations, this would be inconsistent with GAAP and present significant
undesirable practical implications. To account for the Advocat
Restructuring based on a primary objective or motivation would result in no
recognition of a lease inducement (or recognition of a lease inducement at less
than the fair value of the consideration transferred to the lessee); this would
be contrary to the express requirements of FASB No. 13 and
would result in Real Estate Investment Trusts such as Omega
inappropriately reporting higher lease revenue and Funds From Operations (“FFO”)
in future periods than what results from Omega’s accounting for the
transaction. We are not aware of any accounting literature that would
override the guidance in FASB No. 13 and permit Omega to account for the Advocat
Restructuring as a net transaction based on primary objective or
motivation.
We
sincerely hope that this additional information on the Advocat Restructuring
clarifies our accounting and confirms to the SEC Staff that our accounting is in
accordance with GAAP.
If you
have any questions, or if we can be of further assistance to you in the review
process, please call me at (410) 427-1722. Our fax number is (410)
427-8822.
Omega
Healthcare Investors, Inc.
By: /s/ Robert O.
Stephenson
Robert O. Stephenson
Chief Financial Officer
cc: Jessica
Barberich
Linda van Doorn
Attachment
A
ACCOUNTING
CONSIDERATIONS AND ANALYSIS FOR CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN OMEGA HEALTHCARE
INVESTORS, INC. AND ADVOCAT, INC.
I.
|
Background
|
Advocat,
Inc. (“Advocat”) leases and operates skilled nursing facilities owned by Omega
Healthcare Investors, Inc (“Omega”). From November 2000 through
October 2006, Omega owned the following financial instruments issued by
Advocat: (i) 393,658 shares of Advocat’s Series B Non-voting,
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock”) and (ii) a Secured Convertible Subordinated Note (the “2000 Note”) with
a face amount of $1.7 million. Advocat also leases a portfolio of
skilled nursing facilities owned by Omega pursuant to a master lease agreement
with Omega. The 2000 master lease agreement had an initial term from
2000 to 2010 with provisions for renewals and annual rental payments of
approximately $13.3 million.
The
significant terms of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and the 2000 Note
(collectively, the “Old Securities”) owned by Omega through October 2006 were as
follows:
Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock – The shares had a liquidation preference of $3.3 million
(equivalent to the “Stated Value” of $8.3829 per share for 393,658
shares). The shares accrued dividends at 7% per year, but was not
payable in cash until certain Advocat senior debt had been repaid (this Advocat
senior debt was repaid in August 2006). The shares were convertible
into Advocat common stock at a ratio of 1.7949 common shares per preferred share
(the initial conversion price was set at $4.6705 which was equivalent to the
Stated Value) for a total of 706,561 common shares. Accrued and
unpaid dividends were also convertible into common stock at any time upon the
election of Advocat.
Omega
could require mandatory redemption (in part or in full) of the shares by Advocat
on or after September 30, 2007 (upon demand by Omega) for cash in the amount of
the liquidation preference ($3.3 million) and the accrued and unpaid dividends.
Advocat could require conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock to
common stock if the common stock share price exceeded 150% of the conversion
price ($4.6705); however, Advocat’s conversion option was subject to certain
conditions (i.e., receiving a REIT opinion letter from Omega that the conversion
would not cause Omega to lose its REIT status and average weekly trading volume
of Advocat’s common stock was greater than 500,000 shares, etc.).
2000 Note – The face
value of the 2000 Note was $1.7 million. The 2000 Note accrued
interest at 7% per year, but was not payable in cash until certain Advocat
senior debt had been repaid. The 2000 Note could be prepaid at any
time prior to maturity in part or in full without penalty. The 2000
Note was scheduled to mature on September 30, 2007. At the maturity
date, Advocat could elect to pay the principal and accrued interest in cash or
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (if Omega still held the Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock) or common stock (if Omega did not hold the Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock). Advocat’s ability to repay the debt with Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock or common stock was subject to certain conditions
(i.e., receiving a REIT opinion letter from Omega that the conversion would not
cause Omega to lose its REIT status and average weekly trading volume was
greater than 500,000 shares, etc.). The note was cross-collateralized
by all other security interests and liens previously granted by Advocat to
Omega, including the accounts receivable of the facilities owned by Omega and
leased to Advocat.
On
October 20, 2006, Omega entered into an agreement with Advocat to amend the
master lease with Advocat to commence a new 12-year lease term through September
30, 2018 (with a renewal option for an additional 12 year term) and to increase
annual rent on the master lease by $687,000 to approximately $14 million (with
an annual escalator). In conjunction with the lease modification, Omega
exchanged the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and the 2000 Note for (i)
5,000 shares of Advocat’s Series C Non-convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock
with a stated value of $5.0 million and (ii) a Secured Non-convertible
Subordinated Note (“2006 Subordinated Note”) with a face value of $2.5
million. These 2006 transactions are hereinafter referred to as the
“Advocat Restructuring.”
The
significant terms of the amended master lease and the new securities issued to
Omega as part of the Advocat Restructuring are as follows:
Amendment to Master
Lease – Prior to the Advocat Restructuring, the master lease between
Advocat and Omega (entered into in November 2000) had a non-cancellable term
beginning in November 2000 and ending in September 2010, with one available
renewal for 10 years. For Omega’s accounting purposes, the lease term was
through 2010. As part of the Advocat Restructuring, the master lease was amended
to (i) reduce the “initial term” of the master lease to end on September 30,
2006 (i.e., in six years), and (ii) add two renewal options of 12 years each,
the first of which was immediately and automatically exercised upon execution of
the amendment. Since the first renewal option was immediately
exercised upon execution of the amendment, the non-cancellable master lease term
is extended to 2018 (12 years from the amended initial term of September 30,
2006), with one additional renewal option for 12 years available in
2018.
Compared
to the terms of the master lease from November 2000, the impact of the amendment
is as follows: (i) the non-cancellable lease term was extended from 2010 to
2018; and (ii) the minimum rent due under the master lease increased by $687,000
annually for the remainder of the amended base term (2018). Rent
under the amended master lease is scheduled to increase annually thereafter by
the lesser of: (i) 3 percent or (ii) two times the change in consumer price
index (“CPI”).
Series C Redeemable
Preferred Stock – The face value (“Stated Value”) of each share of Series
C preferred stock is $1,000 for a total of $5 million. Dividends
accrue on the shares at 7% per year. The shares have no voting
rights. Omega can require Advocat to redeem these securities on or
after September 30, 2010 for cash in the amount of the face value and any
accrued and unpaid dividends.
2006 Subordinated
Note – The note was for a principal balance of $2.5
million. Interest accrued at 7% per year and was payable
quarterly. The principal balance and any accrued but unpaid interest
was due at maturity – September 30, 2007. The collateral for the note
was the same collateral as under the 2000 Note (i.e., primarily the accounts
receivable of the facilities owned by Omega and leased to
Advocat). However, Omega has a higher priority claim on the
collateral under the 2006 Note than it did under the 2000
Note. Accounts receivable of the facilities leased to Advocat
fluctuated, but based on Omega’s analysis of Advocat financial statements at the
time, generally placed the note in an over-collateralized position of
approximately 40 to 50 percent of the Stated Value of the
securities.
II.
|
Issues
to address
|
A.
|
The
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) via a conference call on
June 26, 2008 requested that Omega explain why it believes the exchange of
the securities and the lease amendment should be accounted for as
bifurcated transactions rather than accounted for as a net
transaction.
|
B.
|
In
addition to the above question, Omega is updating its response to the May
2, 2008 comment letter and response letter dated May 16, 2008 to further
assist in the review process. The SEC’s May 2, 2008 comments
were as follows:
|
1.
|
Comment: We
note your response to comment 2. However, you did not fully
address all of the terms of the restructuring agreement with
Advocat. You disclose in your 8-K dated October 24, 2006 that
Advocat also agreed to increase the master lease annual rent by
approximately $687,000 as part of the restructuring
agreement.
|
Please
additionally provide us with the following information:
|
a.
|
Tell
us if your lease with Advocat, before and after the agreement to increase
the annual rent amount, was below or above
market.
|
|
b.
|
Tell
us the termination provisions of the lease with Advocat before the
restructuring. Please specifically address your ability to
terminate the lease with Advocat and re-lease to another tenant at market
rates.
|
|
c.
|
Furthermore,
per review of Advocat’s disclosure on page F-14 of its Form 10-K filed
March 11, 2008, the net present value of the agreed upon additional rental
payments of $687,000 was equal to the “negotiated” value of the eliminated
conversion feature amounting to $6,701,000. If the “negotiated”
value of the conversion feature was less than the actual fair value of the
eliminated conversion feature at the time of the restructuring by
approximately $3,500,000 (based on the fair value of $10.2 million
disclosed in your response), please tell us what consideration you gave to
this difference when determining the appropriate accounting treatment of
the restructuring.
|
III.
|
Authoritative
Accounting Guidance
|
In
determining the appropriate accounting for these transactions, Omega referred to
the following Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) pronouncements, as
well as FASB Technical Bulletins (“FTB”) and Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”)
releases:
FASB
No. 13
|
Accounting
for Leases
|
FTB
No. 88-1
|
Issues
Relating to Accounting for Leases
|
FASB
No. 115
|
Accounting
for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
|
FASB
No. 133
|
Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
|
EITF
No. 94-8
|
Accounting
for Conversion of a Loan into a Debt Security in a Debt
Restructuring
|
EITF
No. 01-7
|
Creditor’s
Accounting for a Modification or Exchange of Debt
Instruments
|
FASB
No. 91
|
Accounting
for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring
Loans and Initial Direct Costs of
Leases
|
To
address the issues regarding the amendment to the master lease in October 2006,
we referred to FASB No. 13, paragraph 19, which states:
Operating
leases shall be accounted for by the lessor as follows:
·
|
The
leased property shall be included with or near property, plant, and
equipment in the balance sheet. The property shall be
depreciated following the lessor’s normal depreciation
policy…
|
·
|
Rent
shall be reported as income over the lease term as it becomes receivable
according to the provisions of the lease. However, if the
rentals vary from a straight-line basis, the income shall be recognized on
a straight-line basis unless another systematic and rational basis is more
representative of the time pattern in which use benefit from the leased
property is diminished, in which case that basis shall be
used.
|
·
|
Initial
direct costs shall be deferred and allocated over the lease term in
proportion to the recognition of rental income. However,
initial direct costs may be charged to expense as incurred if the effect
is not materially different from that which would have resulted from the
use of the method prescribed in the preceding
sentence.
|
We also
referred to FTB No. 88-1, question 2, which discusses the issue of upfront
payments in lease transactions. The following is the question and
response provided regarding this question:
Questions
2
6. An
operating lease agreement with a new lessor may include incentives for the
lessee to sign the lease, such as upfront cash payments to the lessee, payment
of costs for the lease (such as moving expenses), or the assumption
by the lessor of the lessee’s preexisting lease with a third
party. For operating leases that include such incentives, should
lessees or lessors ever recognize those incentives as rental expense or rental
revenue other than on a straight-line basis in accordance with paragraph 15 of
Statement 13…?
Response
7. Payments
made to or on behalf of the lessee represent incentives that should be
considered reductions of rental expense by the lessee and reductions of rental
revenue by the lessor over the term of the new lease. Similarly,
losses incurred by the lessor as a result of assuming a lessee’s preexisting
lease with a third party should be considered an incentive by both the lessor
and the lessee. Incentives should be recognized on a straight-line
basis over the term of the new lease in accordance with paragraph 15 of
Statement 13…
10. Some
have suggested that incentives paid to or on behalf of the lessee by the lessor
are not part of the normal lessee-lessor relationship and should be recognized
in income by the lessee in the period paid or incurred by the
lessor. The Technical Bulletin views those incentives as an
inseparable part of the new lease agreement that must be recognized as
reductions to rental expense and rental revenue on a straight-line basis over
the term of the new lease in accordance with paragraph 15 of Statement
13.
We also
referred to the guidance of FASB No. 13, paragraph 9, which identifies whether
an amendment to a lease results in a new lease being formed. FASB No.
13, paragraph 9 states:
“If at
any time the lessee and lessor agree to change the provisions of the lease,
other than by renewing the lease or extending its terms, in a manner that would
have resulted in a different classification of the lease under the criteria in
paragraph 7 and 8 had the changed terms been in effect at the inception of the
lease, the revised agreement shall be considered as a new agreement over its
term, and the criteria in paragraph 7 and 8 shall be applied for purposes of
classifying the new lease. Likewise, except when a guarantee or
penalty is render inoperative as described in paragraph 12 and 17(e), any action
that extends the lease beyond the expiration of the existing lease term (see
paragraph 5(f)), such as the exercise of a lease renewal option other than those
already included in the lease term, shall be considered as a new agreement,
which shall be classified according to the provisions of paragraph
6-8...”
In
addition to the authoritative pronouncements on lease accounting listed above,
we referred to the following pronouncements regarding the treatment of the
securities. FASB No. 115 addresses the accounting and reporting for
securities that have a readily determinable fair value and for all investments
in debt securities and requires companies to classify the investment into one of
three categories: (i) held-to-maturity, (ii) trading, and (iii) available for
sale. FASB No. 115 defines the three categories as
follows:
·
|
Debt
securities that the enterprise has the positive intent and ability to hold
to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity
securities and reported at amortized
costs.
|
·
|
Debt
and equity that are bought and held principally for the purposes of
selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and
reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in
earnings.
|
·
|
Debt
and equity securities not classified as either held-to-maturity or trading
securities are classified as available-for-sale
securities and reported at fair value with the unrealized gains and
losses excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of
shareholders’ equity.
|
FASB No.
115 also addresses preferred stock that is mandatorily redeemable and
convertible into common stock. The definitions in FASB No. 115 state
the following:
Debt
security
Any
security representing a creditor relationship with an enterprise. It also
includes (a) preferred stock that by its terms either must be redeemed by the
issuing enterprise or is redeemable at the option of the investor and (b) a
collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO) (or other instrument) that is issued in
equity form but is required to be accounted for as a nonequity instrument
regardless of how that instrument is classified (that is, whether equity or
debt) in the issuer’s statement of financial position. However, it excludes
option contracts, financial futures contracts, forward contracts, and lease
contracts.
• Thus,
the term debt security includes, among other items, U.S. Treasury securities,
U.S. government agency securities, municipal securities, corporate bonds,
convertible debt, commercial paper, all securitized debt instruments, such as
CMOs and real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs), and interest-only
and principal-only strips.
• Trade
accounts receivable arising from sales on credit by industrial or commercial
enterprises and loans receivable arising from consumer, commercial, and real
estate lending activities of financial institutions are examples of receivables
that do not meet the definition of security; thus, those receivables are not
debt securities (unless they have been securitized, in which case they would
meet the definition).
In the
implementation guide, the FASB staff indicated that preferred stock that is both
mandatorily redeemable and convertible into common stock at the option of the
holder, is classified as a debt security:
Question
9
Does
Statement 115 apply to preferred stock that is convertible into marketable
common stock?
Answer
If the
convertible preferred stock is “redeemable” (that is, it has mandatory
redemption provisions or is redeemable at the option of the investor), it would
be considered a debt security under paragraph 137 and Statement 115 would apply,
regardless of whether it has a readily determinable fair value. If
the convertible preferred stock is not “redeemable,” it would be considered an
equity security under paragraph 137 and, therefore, Statement 115 would apply
only if the preferred stock has a readily determinable fair value.
We also
considered whether the conversion option in the Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock would be considered an embedded derivative. FASB No. 133
paragraph 12 states:
a.
|
The
economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument
are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and
risks of the host contract. Additional guidance on applying this criterion
to various contracts containing embedded derivative instruments is
included in Appendix A of this
Statement.
|
b.
|
The
contract (“the hybrid instrument”) that embodies both the embedded
derivative instrument and the host contract is not remeasured at fair
value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles
with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they
occur.
|
c.
|
A
separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative
instrument would, pursuant to paragraphs 6–11, be a derivative instrument
subject to the requirements of this Statement. (The initial net investment
for the hybrid instrument shall not be considered to be the initial net
investment for the embedded derivative.) However, this criterion is not
met if the separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded
derivative instrument would be classified as a liability (or an asset in
some circumstances) under the provisions of Statement 150 but would be
classified in stockholders’ equity absent the provisions in Statement
150.”
|
Pursuant
to FASB No. 133, Implementation Issue No. B6, at initial recording, the fair
value of the embedded derivative should be calculated first; the fair value
assigned to the host contract would be the difference between the fair value of
the hybrid instrument and the fair value of the embedded
derivative. Implementation Issue No. B6 also notes the
following:
“If the
host contract component of the hybrid instrument is reported at fair value with
changes in fair value recognized in earnings or other comprehensive income, then
the sum of the fair values of the host contract component and the embedded
derivative should not exceed the overall fair value of the hybrid
instrument.”
We
considered EITF No. 94-8 in our determination of the initial fair value of the
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock which states:
“…the
initial cost basis of a debt security of the original debtor received as part of
a debt restructuring should be the security’s fair value at the date of the
restructuring.”
To
determine whether to record the restructured securities as a new financial
instrument or based on the carryover basis of the old financial instrument, we
also considered the guidance in EITF No. 01-7, which provides the following
guidance:
“When a
creditor and a debtor agree to modify the terms of an existing debt instrument
or to exchange debt instruments (other than in a troubled debt restructuring),
each must determine whether the modification or exchange should be accounted for
as (a) the creation of a new debt instrument and the extinguishment of the
original debt instrument or (b) the continuation of the original debt instrument
(as modified). Guidance for making that determination is provided for
creditors in Statement 91…
The
foregoing provisions of Statement 91 preclude a creditor from accounting for a
loan refinancing or restructuring as a new debt instrument if the terms of the
new loan are not at least as favorable to the lender as the terms for comparable
loans to other customers with similar collection risks who are not refinancing
or restructuring. In those fact patterns, the definition of minor is
irrelevant. Accordingly, those fact patterns are not within the scope
of this Issue. Consistent with the scope of Statement 91, this Issue
only applies to transactions between a creditor and a debtor.
The Task
Force reached a consensus that a modification of a debt instrument should be
considered more than minor under paragraph 13 of Statement 91 if the present
value of the cash flows under the terms of the new debt instrument is at least
10 percent different from the present value of the remaining cash flows under
the terms of the original instrument. The Task Force reached a
consensus that if the difference between the present value of the cash flows
under the terms of the new debt instrument and the present value of the
remaining cash flows under the terms of the original debt instrument is less
than 10 percent, a creditor should evaluate whether the modification is more
than minor based on the specific facts and circumstances (and other relevant
considerations) surrounding the modification.”
IV.
|
Summary of Accounting
Applied by Omega
|
A.
|
From November 2000 to
Advocat Restructuring
|
1.
|
Series
B Convertible Preferred Stock
|
Based on
FASB No. 115, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock should be classified
as a debt security. FASB No. 115 is the authoritative accounting
literature for all investments in debt and equity securities that are not
accounted for under the cost or equity method of accounting. Omega
could require the mandatory redemption of the Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock on or after September 30, 2007 for $3.3 million in cash. These
securities are convertible into Advocat common stock at any time by Omega
subject to the conversion formula. The appropriate classification under FASB No.
115 for preferred stock that is mandatorily redeemable is outlined in the
definitions of FASB No. 115 and the related implementation guide. In the
implementation guide (FASB No. 115, Q&A #9), the FASB staff indicated that
preferred stock that is mandatorily redeemable and convertible into common stock
at the option of the holder, is classified as a debt security. That Q&A
makes it clear the conversion option is not relevant to the determination, which
was applied by analogy to the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock given it is
convertible by Advocat, albeit with certain conditions. Importantly,
the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was redeemable at the option of Omega,
resulting in its classification as a debt instrument under the definitions in
FASB No. 115.
Under
FASB No. 115, debt securities are to be classified as either “held-to-maturity”,
“available-for-sale”, or “trading”. Given that the Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock was convertible to common stock at any time by Omega,
classification of the preferred stock as “held-to-maturity” was not appropriate.
As Omega does not actively trade investment securities, classification of the
securities as “trading” was not appropriate. Therefore, Omega
classified the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock as
“available-for-sale”.
The
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock contained a conversion option into Advocat
common stock. The conversion option had all of the characteristics of
a derivative as defined by FASB No. 133: it had an underlying (the
issuer’s own stock price), a notional (number of shares), and is net settled by
delivery of marketable equity securities. As such, the equity
conversion feature would be classified as a derivative if it were a stand-alone
instrument. Accordingly, we concluded that the conversion option
included in the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was an embedded derivative
under FASB No. 133.
Under
FASB No. 133, the embedded derivative should be bifurcated from the host
agreement and separately valued if it is not “clearly and closely related” to
the host agreement. As this security was considered a debt security,
and the conversion option converted the security to common stock, we concluded
that the conversion option was not “clearly and closely related” to the host
agreement. Therefore, we concluded that the embedded derivative (the conversion
option in the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock) should be bifurcated from
the host agreement and separately valued.
In
summary, the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was an available-for-sale debt
security under FASB No. 115 with an embedded derivative under FASB No. 133 that
was bifurcated and separately valued. Pursuant to FASB No. 133
Implementation Issue No. B6, at initial recording, the fair value of the
embedded derivative was calculated first; the fair value assigned to the host
contract was determined to be the difference between the fair value of the
hybrid instrument and the fair value of the embedded derivative.
A summary
of the accounting upon the receipt of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
and for subsequent reporting periods is as follows:
Initial Accounting in November 2000 – Pursuant
to EITF 94-8, “…the initial cost basis of a debt security of the original debtor
received as part of a debt restructuring should be the security’s fair value at
the date of the restructuring.” We evaluated the fair value of the Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of receipt. Due to the severe
financial distress of Advocat at that time (Advocat was in default on its
obligations and was contemplating a bankruptcy filing), we concluded that the
fair value of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was de
minimis.
Subsequent Accounting At Each
Reporting Date – The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was reported at
fair value at each reporting date. We estimated the fair value of the
embedded derivative and the fair value of the hybrid instrument at the reporting
date. The difference between these fair values was the fair value of
the host contract.
We
recorded changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative through earnings
on the income statement, as required by FASB No. 133.
As the
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was mandatorily redeemable, the cost-basis
of the host contract was accreted to its face value and dividends earned on the
host contract were recorded (subject to a collectibility review). If
the fair value of the host contract exceeded cost (including accretion), the
change in the unrealized gain of the host contract was recorded as a component
of Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”). If the fair value of the host
contract was less than accreted cost, we assessed whether the decline in fair
value below cost of the host contract was an other-than-temporary
impairment. If we concluded that the unrealized loss was
other-than-temporary, we recorded the decline in fair value through
earnings. If we concluded that the unrealized loss was not
other-than-temporary, we recorded the decline in fair value through
OCI.
2.
|
2000
Note
|
At the
time that Omega received the 2000 Note in November 2000, Omega did not believe
that any amount would be collected on it, as Advocat was in severe financial
distress and the 2000 Note did not require any payment of principal until
maturity (in 7 years) or payments of interest until other Advocat debt
obligations were repaid. We recorded the 2000 Note at its fair value on date of
receipt. We concluded that the present value of future expected cash
flows on the 2000 Note would be de minimis; therefore, no value was recorded to
the note as of date of receipt.
FASB No.
118 paragraph 6(g) acknowledges several different methods for recognizing income
on impaired loans with variations on each of the general methods used (e.g.,
cost-recovery, cash basis, etc.) provided that the recorded amount did not
exceed the present value of the expected future cash flows. On
initially recognizing the 2000 Note, we elected to use the cash-basis method to
account for the 2000 Note due to the extreme uncertainty in its collection,
including the requirement that senior debt owed by Advocat had to be repaid
first before any interest or principal could be repaid on the note.
The 2000
Note contained a conversion option exercisable by Advocat at the note maturity
date of September 30, 2007 to settle the note through issuance of Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock or common stock. We considered whether
Advocat’s conversion option (i.e. Advocat’s ability to settle the obligation in
its common shares or Series B Preferred Shares) is an embedded derivative under
FASB No. 133, and whether it should be bifurcated from the host contract. We
concluded that the conversion option was an embedded derivative under FASB No.
133, on the same basis that the conversion option in the Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock (discussed above) is an embedded derivative. However,
as the conversion option was based on the fair value of the securities at the
time of redemption, we concluded that the fair value of the embedded derivative
would be de minimis.
3.
|
Summary
of Balances Reported by Omega at October 20, 2006 (prior to the Advocat
Restructuring in October 2006)
|
Advocat
Securities Owned as of October 20, 2006 (in millions)
|
|||||||||||||
Accreted
Cost
|
Fair
Value
|
Carrying
Value on F/S
|
Rationale
for carrying value on F/S
|
||||||||||
Subordinated
Note ($1.7 million face value)
|
0.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 |
Cost
recovery method – no cash received to-date
|
|||||||||
Preferred
Stock – Embedded Derivative
|
0.0 | 10.2 | 10.2 |
FAS
133 – record on financials at FV
|
|||||||||
Preferred
Stock – Host Instrument
|
3.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
Instrument
is mandatorily redeemable; accrete cost (initially $0) to redemption value
as income; record difference between cost and current FV
through OCI
|
|||||||||
B.
|
The Advocat
Restructuring
|
In
October 2006, Omega and Advocat executed the Advocat
Restructuring. In the Advocat Restructuring, the master lease between
Omega and Advocat was amended to extend the non-cancellable lease term by 8
years and increase the minimum rent to be paid, and Omega exchanged the Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock and the 2000 Note for Series C Redeemable Preferred
Stock and the 2006 Note.
1.
|
Modification
to the Advocat Master Lease
|
In the
Advocat Restructuring, Advocat and Omega agreed to amend the master lease
agreement to extend the non-cancellable term of the lease by eight years and
increase the rent due under the master lease, and to exchange securities with a
fair value of $17.4 million (Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and the 2000
Note) for securities with a fair value of $6.6 million (Series C Redeemable
Preferred Stock and the 2006 Note).
We
believe that the master lease modification is subject to the lease accounting
guidance provided by FASB No. 13 and its interpretations. As the
Advocat Restructuring resulted in consideration that was exchanged with a lessee
in conjunction with a lease amendment that results in a new lease under FASB No.
13, we believe FASB No. 13 and FTB No. 88-1 require that the consideration
transferred to the lessee be deemed to be a lease
inducement. Paragraph 10 of FTB No. 88-1 states that incentives paid
to lessees are inseparable from the lease and must be amortized as a reduction
to rental revenue by the lessor over the new lease term. Paragraph 9
of FASB No. 13 requires companies to account for modifications in lease
agreements that extend the term of the lease agreement as a new
lease.
Accordingly,
we have accounted for the amended master lease with Advocat resulting from the
Advocat Restructuring as a new lease. Pursuant to the application of FASB No. 13
and FTB No. 88-1, we have recorded a lease inducement of $10.8 million ($17.4
million less $6.6 million), representing the net consideration transferred to
the lessee at the consideration’s fair value. The lease inducement is being
amortized as a reduction of our rental revenue over the non-cancellable term of
the amended master lease.
We
believe that our accounting for the lease inducement is consistent with the
requirements of FASB No. 13 and FTB No. 88-1 and results in the recognition of
the lease inducement on our financial statements of $10.8 million.
2.
|
Exchange
of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and 2000
Note
|
In the
Advocat Restructuring, we exchanged the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and
the 2000 Note. On the date of the Advocat Restructuring, our
financial statements reported an unrealized gain of $1.1 million in Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) relating to the Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock (relating to the difference between the fair value and the
accreted cost of the host contract). Also, the carrying value of the
2000 Note on our financial statements was $0.
In order
to reflect all of the components of the Advocat Restructuring at fair value, we
recognized a gain on our financial statements of $3.6 million. The
gain was comprised of the $1.1 million of unrealized gain that had been reported
within AOCI immediately prior to the restructuring and a gain of $2.5 million to
recognize the fair value of the 2000 Note onto our financial
statements.
(a) Series
C Redeemable Preferred Stock
The
Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock has a stated value of $5 million, dividend
rate of 7%, and a mandatory redemption date of September 30, 2010. As
a three-year instrument, the Series C Preferred stock has a yield that is below
market; as such, the fair value of the securities in October 2006 was $4.1
million. The Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock was initially recorded to our
financial statements at fair value. We accrete the carrying value to
its redemption value over the period to the mandatory redemption date (September
30, 2010) by recording an effective dividend rate on the securities. We have
classified the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock as a “held-to-maturity”
security under FASB No. 115, as the securities have a mandatory redemption
provision and we have the positive intent and ability to hold this security
until maturity. We review the securities for impairment as required
under FASB No. 115.
(b) 2006
Note
The 2006
Note had a face value of $2.5 million, an interest rate of 7%, and matured on
September 30, 2007. As a one-year instrument, the 2006 Note has a
market yield; the 2006 Note was initially recorded on our financial statements
at its estimated fair value ($2.5 million). The principal and interest due on
the 2006 Note was paid to us by Advocat upon its maturity in September
2007. The 2006 Note is no longer outstanding.
We
considered EITF No. 01-7 and FASB No. 91 in our evaluation of the exchange of
the 2000 Note and the 2006 Note as part of the Advocat Restructuring to
determine if the 2006 Note would be considered a new instrument or a
continuation of the 2000 Note. We believe the yield on the 2006 Note was a
market rate yield for instruments of comparable duration and
risk. The present value of the cash flows of the 2000 Note and 2006
Note was not greater than 10% different. However, we evaluated the
specific facts and circumstances surrounding the modification to determine if
the 2006 Note would be considered a new instrument. Our analysis included the
consideration of the higher priority claim on the collateral provided by the
2006 Note and the elimination of the ability of Advocat to pay the note in
common stock. Based on these changes, we concluded that the changes
are considered “other than minor” and the 2006 Note represented a new instrument
and should have been recorded initially at its fair value.
V.
|
Responses to Specific
Staff Comments
|
Issue A:
·
|
The
SEC via a conference call on June 26, 2008 with Omega requested that we
explain why we believe the exchange of the securities and the lease
amendment should be accounted for as bifurcated transactions versus
accounted for as a net transaction.
|
Response:
We
believe that the appropriate accounting literature to apply to the Advocat
Restructuring is the lease accounting guidance provided by FASB No. 13 and its
interpretations. The Advocat Restructuring resulted in consideration
that was exchanged with a lessee in conjunction with a lease modification. We
believe FASB No. 13 and FTB No. 88-1 require that the fair value
of the consideration transferred to a lessee from the exchange of securities be
deemed to be a lease inducement.
The
Advocat Restructuring included the following exchanges of investments securities
between Omega and Advocat and our estimate of the fair value of the exchange (in
millions):
Investments
|
Surrendered
by Omega in Exchange
|
Received
from Advocat in Exchange
|
Excess
Fair Value Surrendered to Induce the New Lease
|
||||||
Series
B Convertible Preferred Stock
|
|||||||||
Fair
value of host contract
|
$ | (4.7 | ) | ||||||
Fair
value of conversion feature
|
(10.2 | ) | |||||||
Series
C Non-convertible Preferred Stock
|
$ | 4.1 | |||||||
2000
Note
|
(2.5 | ) | |||||||
2006
Note
|
2.5 | ||||||||
Total
Exchanged
|
$ | (17.4 | ) | $ | 6.6 |
$
(10.8)
|
We
believe that FASB No. 13 and FTB No. 88-1 requires the Advocat
Restructuring to be accounted for as bifurcated transactions, resulting in the
recognition of a lease inducement based on the fair value of the consideration
transferred to the lessee. In our view, accounting for the Advocat
Restructuring as a net transaction would result in a lease inducement which is
not recorded at the fair value of the consideration transferred to the lessee,
and therefore inconsistent with FASB No. 13 and the guidance cited in Part II
above. We believe that to interpret the leasing literature in any
other way (for example, looking to the difference between the carrying value and
fair value of financial instruments exchanged in a lease modification) could
lead to structuring transactions for accounting results based merely on the form
of consideration transferred (i.e., transferring cash versus assuming
liabilities versus transferring financial assets). If, instead of Omega/Advocat
exchanging financial instruments, the financial instruments were monetized at
fair value and Omega/Advocat exchanged the cash from the monetization, the
resulting lease inducement in that circumstance would be the same as the lease
inducement that has resulted from Omega’s accounting for the Advocat
Restructuring.
Issue
B-1.a:
·
|
Tell
us if your lease with Advocat, before and after the agreement to increase
the annual rent amount, was below or above
market.
|
Response:
The
annual rent prior to the October 2006 restructuring was based on the lease terms
embedded in the 2000 Advocat Master Lease, which were based on market conditions
during 2000 when Omega and Advocat executed the 2000 Advocat Master
Lease. We believe that the amended lease rate was
consistent with the current market rate for similar facilities. As a
result of restructuring the Advocat lease in October 2006, we recorded a lease
inducement of $10.8 million, representing the fair value of consideration given
to Advocat in connection with the October 2006 lease
modification. Due to the existence of a lease inducement, the terms
of the restructured Advocat lease are, by definition,
off-market. Omega believes that the combination of the new lease
terms and the lease inducement resulted in a market-rate lease in
2006.
Issue
B-1.b:
·
|
Tell
us the termination provisions of the lease with Advocat before the
restructuring. Please specifically address your ability to
terminate the lease with Advocat and re-lease to another tenant at market
rates.
|
Response:
The
initial term of the 2000 Advocat Master Lease in effect prior to the Advocat
Restructuring was ten years (expiring in September 2010) and allowed us to
terminate the lease only in the event of default by Advocat. At the
time of the Advocat Restructuring in 2006, Advocat was not in default of the
lease. Accordingly, we did not have the ability to terminate the 2000
Advocat Master Lease and re-lease the premises to another tenant absent an event
of default.
Issue
B-1.c:
·
|
Furthermore,
per review of Advocat’s disclosure on page F-14 of its Form 10-K filed
March 11, 2008, the net present value of the agreed upon additional rental
payments of $687,000 was equal to the “negotiated” value of the eliminated
conversion feature amounting to $6,701,000. If the “negotiated”
value of the conversion feature was less than the actual fair value of the
eliminated conversion feature at the time of the restructuring by
approximately $3,500,000 (based on the fair value of $10.2 million
disclosed in your response), please tell us what consideration you gave to
this difference when determining the appropriate accounting treatment of
the restructuring.
|
Response:
In
October 2006, we entered into the Advocat Restructuring whereby we amended our
master lease with Advocat and we exchanged several financial investments that we
had with Advocat. The modification to the master lease consisted of two item:
(i) an extension of approximately eight years to the non-cancellable lease term
(to 2018) and (ii) additional rent of $687,000 per year with a 3% annual
escalator.
As a
result of the Advocat Restructuring, we were able to secure additional rent of
$687,000 annually, plus escalators, and also negotiated an extension of eight
years to the non-cancellable term of the master lease. We believe that both of
these components of the lease modification have value. In accordance
with FASB Statement No.13 and FASB Technical Bulletin No. 88-1, we believe the
amount of the recorded lease inducement should be based upon the consideration
transferred to the lessee (the difference of fair value of the assets
exchanged). This view is consistent with an alternate scenario where,
instead of exchanging financial instruments, we exchanged cash in conjunction
with the lease modification.
We are
unable to comment on the basis for Advocat’s characterization of a “negotiated”
value in their financial reporting. We do not believe the fair value
of conversion feature is measured simply by the present value of the $687,000 of
additional rent as there were multiple components of this transaction (refer to
discussion in the previous paragraph). We have further noted that the intrinsic
value of the conversion option is greater than the $6.7 million “negotiated”
value disclosed by Advocat in its filing. On October 20, 2006, the
Series B Convertible Preferred Shares were convertible into 706,576 shares of
Advocat common stock, which would have had a market value of approximately $13.3
million based on the last reported closing price for Advocat’s common stock of
$18.84 on October 20, 2006. As the Series B shares had a liquidation
preference of approximately $3.3 million, the intrinsic value of the conversion
option is approximately $10 million, well in excess of what Advocat
characterized as a “negotiated” value. We also note that fair value accounting
literature prohibits the use of blockage or liquidity discounts when estimating
the fair value of publicly-traded securities, such as the Advocat common stock.
As a result, we do not share the same view as expressed by Advocat’s management
in its financial reporting.
The
October 20, 2006 restructuring included the following exchanges of investments
between Omega and Advocat and our estimate of the fair value of the exchange (in
millions):
Investments
|
Surrendered
by Omega in Exchange
|
Received
from Advocat in Exchange
|
Excess
Fair Value Surrendered to Induce the New Lease
|
||||||
Series
B Convertible Preferred Stock
|
|||||||||
Fair
value of host contract
|
$ | (4.7 | ) | ||||||
Fair
value of conversion feature
|
$ | (10.2 | ) | ||||||
Series
C Non-convertible Preferred Stock
|
$ | 4.1 | |||||||
2000
Note
|
(2.5 | ) | |||||||
2006
Note
|
2.5 | ||||||||
Total
Exchanged
|
$ | (17.4 | ) | $ | 6.6 |
$
(10.8)
|
Because
we were the sole holder of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and we had not
traded the stock, no offers indicating a fair market value for the Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock existed. As a result, we were required to
estimate the fair value of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock using other
methods of estimating fair value. Our methods included estimating the
fair value of the host contract as well as the conversion feature of the Advocat
Series B Preferred Shares. The 393,658 shares of Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock were convertible into 706,576 shares of Advocat common
stock. We performed a valuation model as of October 20, 2006 to
estimate the value of the conversion feature of the Series B Preferred
Shares. The model included factors consistent with valuing options,
such as stock price, dividend yield and volatility. Based on our
evaluation we estimated the value of the conversion feature to be worth
approximately $14.49 per share or approximately $10.2 million on the date of the
restructuring. We also estimated the fair value of the host contract,
which included accrued dividends, as approximately $4.7 million as of October
20, 2006.
Advocat’s
common stock price fluctuated significantly from October 2000 through October
2006, the period of time that we held the investment in Advocat’s Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock. In October 2000, Advocat’s common shares
were trading in the open market for $0.33 per share. Throughout 2006, Advocat’s
common stock price fluctuated from a low in the first quarter of 2006 of $5.25
to a high of $21.03 in the fourth quarter of 2006, significantly increasing the
value of the conversion feature of the Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock. We estimated the fair value of the Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock as of October 20, 2006 to be worth approximately $14.9 million,
which included the host contract as well as the conversion feature.
As
discussed above, we performed an independent valuation of the Series B Preferred
Stock using a methodology and assumptions we believe are appropriate. Separate
from our valuation process discussed above, we believe it is noteworthy that the
estimated value of our investment in Advocat Series B Convertible Preferred
Stock, assuming we converted the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock on October
20, 2006 into shares of Advocat common shares, would have been $14.9
million. On October 20, 2006, the Series B Convertible Preferred
Shares were convertible into 706,576 shares of Advocat common stock which would
have had a market value of approximately $13.3 million based on the last
reported closing price for Advocat’s common stock of $18.84 on October 20, 2006,
which is traded on the Nasdaq. On October 20, 2006, we were also
entitled to accrued but unpaid dividends through October 20, 2006 which amounted
to approximately $1.6 million. The combination of the market value of
the 706,576 shares of Advocat common shares of $13.3 million and the accrued but
unpaid dividends of $1.6 million totals $14.9 million, which is consistent with
our independent valuation of the total of the host contract and conversion
feature of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock noted
above. Accordingly, we believe that our estimate for valuing the
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is appropriate and reasonable.
We
believe that the $10.8 million of excess fair value of the financial assets that
we surrendered to Advocat over what we received from Advocat represents
consideration paid to a lessee in conjunction with a lease modification, and
therefore, consistent with the provisions of FASB No. 13 and FASB Technical
Bulletin No. 88-1, we are accounting for the $10.8 million as a lease inducement
over the non-cancellable term of the restructured 2006 Advocat Master Lease,
amortizing as a reduction to revenue. We believe that the combination of the new
lease terms and the lease inducement results in a market rate
lease.